Centre of Excellence

Gall Stone disease

Gallstones are a type of stone that forms in the gallbladder or bile ducts (the pipe-like system within the liver). Gallstones can range in size from minuscule grains of sand to golf balls. Surprisingly, tiny stones are typically the most troublesome. These are stones that can pass through the gallbladder and become lodged.

Warning signs of Gallstones presence

a.Upper Right abdomen Pain

b.Severe pain right in the centre of the abdomen

c.Between shoulders your back tends to hurt

d.Vomiting or Nausea

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch located near the junction of the small and large intestines. While the exact cause remains unclear, blockage of the appendix by fecal matter, foreign bodies, or infection can lead to inflammation and subsequent infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing appendicitis typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests (such as ultrasound or CT scans), and possibly laparoscopy.
Treatment
Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the inflamed appendix, known as an appendectomy. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat infection before surgery or in cases of mild appendicitis.

Hernia

Hernias occur when an organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot or tear in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. They can develop in various parts of the body, commonly in the abdomen or groin.

Warning signs of Hernia presence

a. A visible bulge or lump, especially when coughing or straining.

b. Discomfort or pain, particularly when lifting heavy objects or during physical activity.

c. Aching or burning sensation at the site of the hernia.

d. Nausea, vomiting, or difficulty passing stools (in some cases).

Liver Diseases

The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body. Also, it performs more than 500 functions in the body. These functions include detoxification, production of chemicals that help in the digestion of food. The liver disease could be fatal and one should immediately look for treatment.The liver is an essential organ in the gastrointestinal tract that helps in food digestion and freeing the body from toxic elements. If you sense any liver-related disorder symptoms earlier, it can lead to liver cirrhosis – a life-threatening condition. But treating earlier can save the liver timely.

Warning signs of Liver Diseases presence

a. Jaundice: yellowish skin and eyes

b. Swollen abdomen.

c. Dark yellow-colored urine

d. Loss of appetite

d. Nausea or vomiting

d. Unexplained, sudden weight loss

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Pancreatitis disease

Pancreatitis is a disease in which your pancreas becomes inflamed. The pancreas is a large gland behind your stomach and next to your small intestine. Your pancreas does two main things: It releases powerful digestive enzymes into your small intestine to help you digest food. It releases insulin and glucagon into your bloodstream. These hormones help your body control how it uses food for energy.

Gastric ulcers

Gastric ulcers, also known as stomach ulcers, are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. These ulcers can cause discomfort, pain, and complications if left untreated. They are often linked to infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) or the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Warning signs of Gastric ulcer Diseases presence

a. Burning stomach pain

b. Heartburn.

c. Indigestion

d. Loss of appetite

d. Nausea or vomiting

d. Unexplained, sudden weight loss

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It involves inserting a flexible, thin tube with a camera (colonoscope) through the rectum to detect abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, or cancerous growths.

Importance of Screening

Colonoscopies play a crucial role in colorectal cancer prevention and early detection. By identifying and removing precancerous polyps during the procedure, colonoscopies can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer worldwide.

Upper GI Endoscopy

Upper GI endoscopy is a visual examination of the upper intestinal tract using a lighted, flexible tube camera. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy examines the upper part of gastrointestinal tract oesophagus,stomach and Duodenum.

Reasons for the Exam

a. Abdominal pains, vomiting, heartburn

b. Ulcers -- ulcers are sores in the lining of esophagus, stomach, or duodenum;

c. Bleeding

d. Esophagitis and heartburn -- chronic inflammation of the esophagus due to reflux of stomach acid and digestive juices.

d. Gastritis

d. Barrett’s esophagus

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy, also known as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery, is a surgical technique that involves making small incisions in the abdomen through which specialized surgical instruments and a camera (laparoscope) are inserted. This allows surgeons to perform procedures with enhanced precision and minimal tissue damage compared to traditional open surgery.

Benefits

a. Smaller incisions and reduced scarring

b. Faster recovery time

c. Less postoperative pain

d. Reduced risk of infection

d. Shorter hospital stays

d. Quicker return to normal activities and work

Colorectal Diseases

Colorectal health refers to the well-being of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, which play crucial roles in digestion and waste elimination. Maintaining colorectal health is essential for overall wellness and can help prevent serious conditions such as colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer worldwide.

Prevention Strategies

a. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

b. Maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in regular physical activity..

c. Limiting alcohol consumption and avoiding tobacco products.

d. Undergoing regular colorectal cancer screening as recommended by healthcare providers.

d. Managing chronic conditions such as diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease.

Jaundice

Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. When the liver cannot metabolize bilirubin effectively or when there is an excessive breakdown of red blood cells, jaundice may occur.

Common symptoms of jaundice may include:

a. Yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes

b. Dark-colored urine

c. Pale-colored stools

d. Itching

d. Fatigue

d. Nausea and vomiting

d. Fever (in cases of infectious jaundice)

d. Abdominal pain or swelling

Hemorrhoids(piles)

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum or anus. They can occur internally (inside the rectum) or externally (under the skin around the anus) and are often accompanied by symptoms such as pain, itching, and rectal bleeding.

Hemorrhoids can develop due to various factors, including:

a. Straining during bowel movements

b. Chronic constipation or diarrhea

c. Pregnancy and childbirth

d. Obesity or excess weight

d. Sitting or standing for prolonged periods

d. Aging